For decades, Florida has been viewed worldwide as an ideal getaway, a place where individuals and families can travel to soak up the sun and escape the cold weather at home. On top of this, the state is known for its many tourist hotspots, such as Disney World, Universal Studios, and Miami Beach. Every year, millions of people set out to experience these places in hopes of returning home with lifelong memories.
Lesser known about the Sunshine State is its unique biodiversity which has captivated scientists and naturalists since its discovery. The flora and fauna in Florida is unlike anywhere else in the world, giving visitors the opportunity to see plants and animals seldom seen outside the state. Here are a few animals you may come across during your stay!
American Alligator
This iconic and ancient reptile has long served as a magnet for tourists due to its abundance throughout the state of Florida. Though this living dinosaur is not restricted to this state alone, there are many sanctuaries and exhibits within Florida where visitors can safely view and learn about the American Alligator.
For roughly one hundred million years, this reptile has dominated the southeastern United States, long before the time of humans. Growing to lengths of up to 15 feet and setting in at about a thousand pounds, this animal is an apex predator, capable of taking down animals much larger than itself with razor sharp incisor and unstoppable force. The American Alligator has a conservation status of ‘least concern’, due to there being an estimated five million existing in the United States.
American Crocodile
The larger and more illusive cousin of the American Alligator, the American Crocodile is distinguishable by its narrower snout and pale coloration. Unlike the abundance of the American Alligator, this reptile is seldom seen and is more restricted in territory. It also prefers a different habitat, thriving in mangrove swamps and coastal waters of southern Florida.There are an estimated two thousand American Crocodiles that exist in the United States and that number is fortunately increasing.
These ancient animals face many habitat restrictions and conservation threats that make it difficult for these elusive creatures to thrive. Their eggs are also seen as a food source for invasive reptiles that have established populations in southern Florida, such as the Tegu and the Nile Monitor.
Hammerhead Shark
Possibly one of the most misunderstood and captivating animals in the animal kingdom is the hammerhead shark. Its preference for warm water makes it a frequent visitor of the Florida coastline, though it is found in warmer waters internationally. Despite this shark’s fearsome reputation and frankly menacing look, it is not a danger to humans and no fatalities have ever been reported from attacks.
The hammerhead shark is universally recognized for its one-of- a-kind, hammer-shaped head - hence, the name. Scientists have come to discover the shape of its head allows for improved binocular vision and depth perception. This shark feeds on most ocean life, including fish, squid, and crustaceans. They are also known for being social animals, travelling in large schools and are often seen in shallow waters, not far off the coast and even in the intercoastal waterway.
Anhinga
The Anhinga is a unique bird, defined by its snake-like neck and effective hunting tactics. This animal is distributed throughout the state and most commonly viewed in marshes, creeks, and bodies of water where it can feed on fish. Though it is not Florida’s state bird, the Anhingas abundance and looks have garnered it a reputation as being one of the state’s best known creatures.
Using its beak as a spear, the Anhinga has adopted a method of spear-fishing that sets it apart from its avian counterparts. It has been known to sit and wait until an unsuspecting fish approaches, impaling the fish once it is in range. It’s snake-like neck allows it to have increased range and effectiveness when hunting. The Anhinga has frequently been misidentified as the Cormorant, an aquatic bird that also frequents bodies of water throughout the state of Florida.
Panther
One of the most elusive and notorious predators to inhabit southern Florida, the panther’s range once spread as far north as South Carolina. Today, this large cat is listed as endangered and faces many threats, almost all related to a restriction of habitat. There are only an estimated 240 individuals remaining in Florida, most located within the Everglades.
Despite its conservation status, this predator remains at the top of the food chain, feeding on larger mammals, including deer and wild boar. They require an expansive range of undeveloped land to thrive, making the Florida Everglades a perfect prowling ground for these reclusive animals. There have been many attempts to help this big cat reestablish a large breeding population in the state, but this animal remains a vulnerable species.
Invasive Species
Over the last few decades, the delicate ecosystem in Southern Florida has been under attack by invaders accidentally introduced by humans. These animals have thrived in the warm subtropical climate and have even established breeding populations, wreaking havoc on the animals that are native to this land.
The Burmese python is a prime example of one of these destructive invaders. In 1992, with the landfall of the powerful Hurricane Andrew, many of these large snakes were released into the Everglades and quickly adjusted to the environment. Today, there are an estimated one hundred thousand snakes hiding in the swamps of southern Florida. Growing to roughly 26 feet, these reptiles will eat just about anything that can fit in their mouths, including alligators and crocodiles. They have had a massive negative impact on the food chain and often prey on vulnerable animals, such as the eastern indigo snake. Under state law, you must report sightings of the Burmese pythons and Florida residents are legally allowed to kill this animal on sight.
There are many reasons why the Sunshine State is an ideal location for the perfect getaway, but for most this means parties, relaxing on the beach, or simply enjoying the warm weather. For nature and wildlife enthusiasts alike, Florida is an amazing opportunity to experience some of the most illusive and unique animals found anywhere! From living dinosaurs, to elegant sea birds and wildcats, Florida is truly any nature lover’s dream!